The Effects of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Extract on Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) Level in Preeclampsia-Induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) Culture

Abstract

Introduction : Preeclampsia is a major cause in both maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia remains unclear but endothelial dysfunction plays important role. Stress oxidative in placenta produces free radicals such as superoxide anions (O2-) and H2O2, trophoblast debris, proinflammatory cytokines, and antiangiogenic factors which are thought to cause vascular endothelial dysfunction and causing excessive maternal inflammatory responses. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is considered as one of the potentially specific markers for preeclampsia. Aim : This study aimed to determine the effects of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Extract on inflammation in endothelial cells by measuring the TNF-α level In preeclampsia-induced HUVEC. Method : HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell) culture is an in vitro model widely used to study the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl also known as Mahkota Dewa is widely used as an antiinflammation and antioxidant because of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and polyphenols properties. Result : Phaleria macrocarpa extract reduced TNF-α level siginifcantly at concentration of 3.906 μg/mL. Phaleria macrocarpa extract at concentration of 62.5 μg/mL reduced TNF-α level to normal level. Conclusion : Phaleria macrocarpa extract might be used as agent to overcome endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia.