Logam Berat sebagai Polutan dan Efek Sampingnya terhadap Mikroorganisme Tanah

Abstract

A literature study is done to find out the role of heavy metals as a kind of pollutants in the environment and their side effect to soil microorganisms. The study shows that microorganisms are involved in many important environmental processes, as in biogeochemical cycles, energy productions, and decomposition processes. Many organisms are found in the soil, and they are very important in mineral transformation and transportation. It can be concluded that an addition of heavy metals to the ecosystem has some important effects to the microorganisms community. First, heavy metals change the microorganisms biomass. Second, the addition of heavy metals with selective stress causes the increasing in the heavy metal resistant strains proportion in the community. Third, the addition of heavy metals changes the community diversity. The actual mortality of the microorganisms depends on some factors, such as: soil type, humidity, soil physic condition, the total and kind of chemicals used, and the methods of application.