Translation Shifts of Reference Found in Descriptive Text by Translation Machines

Abstract

Reference has definiteness or specificity of meaning which is equivalent. Shift of reference occurs when there is an overt relationship between Source Language and Target Language and the concepts of source language are known shared in the receptor language. The purpose of this research is to describe reference shifts used by translation machines (Google Translate, Yandex Translation, PONS Translate, Ttalk, Bing Microsoft Translator) to translate descriptive text. The design of this research is qualitative research. The data of this research is result of shifts on translated reference from descriptive text using translation machines. Meanwhile, the source of the data in this research is reference in descriptive text English-Indonesian. This research showed that the reference shifts in translated reference from descriptive text as Google Translate translated reference in descriptive text from English-Indonesian made shifts as explicitation shift is 12,5%, implicitation shift is 87,5%, and meaning change shift is 0%. Yandex Translation translated reference in descriptive text English- Indonesian made shifts as explicitation shift is 0%, implicitation shift is 100%, and meaning change shift is 0%. PONS Translation translated reference in descriptive text from English-Indonesian made shifts as explicitation shift is 25%, implicitation shift is 75%, and meaning change shift is 0%. Ttalk translated reference in descriptive text from English-Indonesian made shifts as explicitation shift is 12,5%, implicitation shift is 87,5% and meaning change shift is 0%. Bing Microsoft Translator translated reference in descriptive text from English- Indonesian made shifts as explicitation shift is 0%, implicitation shift is 100%, and meaning change shift is 0%. From the finding above, it is describe that translation machine better translated ST more did shift than the translation machine that lower did shift in translating reference from descriptive text in English- Indonesian where Yandex Translation is higher translation machines that often did shift to show translator should use this translation machine to translated reference in descriptive text English-Indonesian