Grammatical Cohesion Found On President Joko Widodo's Speech at The Annual Session of MPR 2021

Abstract

Grammatical cohesion is the grammatical relationship between clauses and sentences in written discourse. This research aims to find out what type, dominant and the function of grammatical cohesion in President Jokowi's speech at the 2021 MPR annual session. This research designed as qualitative research because it analyzes data from words descriptively; This research uses document analysis as an approach. During the research process, researcher collect documents. Documents that used in this research is President Jokowi's speech at the parliament complex taken from the presidential website https://setkab.go.id/st. Researcher found there were 319 data for grammatical cohesion. Researcher found that President Joko Widodo uses 6 types of grammatical cohesion in his speech at the 2021 MPR annual session, namely (1) Reference Personal; (2) Demonstrative Reference (RD); (3) Comparative Reference (RC); (4)Additive Conjunction (CAd); (5) Adversative Conjunction (CAAdv), and (6)Verbal Substitution (SV). The results show the total number of each type where 177 references (55.48%), 2 substitutions (0.62%), 0 ellipsis (0%), and 140 conjunctions (43.88%). The dominant type is references at 55.48%. The function of grammatical cohesion in President Jokowi's speech at the 2021 MPR annual session is: First, references have three important functions, namely: (1) To avoid repeating the same words; (2) To show the scale of closeness; (3) To compare things or situations. Second is conjunctions, which have four functions: (1) Connecting words that are similar or identical; (2) Coordinating sentences that have the same context; (3) Supports the previous sentence, and (4) Opposes the previous statement. Third, substitution has a function, namely: to avoid repeating the same words or phrases. Its general function is to connect words,clauses, phrases or sentences to make sentences have meaning. From reviewing this research, it is hoped that it will make a significant contribution valuable for the language use of speakers and writers. This research can be used to add information to learning and the application of good grammatical cohesion, especially in speech texts. In fact, this research is also expected to be useful for future researcher who are interested in conducting similar research and those who have more attention to the cohesion of both written and spoken texts.